Pathogenetic mechanisms for the diabetic nephropathy development (literature review)

Alina V. Glukhova, Student, Medical Institute, Ogarev Mordovia State University (68 Bolshevistskaya street, Saransk, Russia), E-mail: alina.glukhova2019@list.ru
Elena A. Shamrova, Doctor of medical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the sub-department of normal and pathological physiology, Medical Institute, Ogarev Mordovia State University (68 Bolshevistskaya street, Saransk, Russia), E-mail: bream25@yandex.ru
Konstantin S. Madonov, Assistant of the sub-department of normal and pathological physiology, Medical Institute, Ogarev Mordovia State University (68 Bolshevistskaya street, Saransk, Russia), E-mail: MKS-34@yandex.ru
Darya G. Sardaeva, Applicant of the sub-department of normal and pathological physiology, Medical Institute, Ogarev Mordovia State University (68 Bolshevistskaya street, Saransk, Russia), E-mail: sardaieva96@mail.ru 

The prevalence of DM is currently increasing all over the world, including Russia. Kidney damage develops in about one third of patients with type 1 diabetes and in half of patients with type 2 diabetes. Renal tissue and microcirculatory bed damage in patients with DM is associated with the impact of several factors, the most significant are: age, heredity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, prolonged uncompensated hyperglycemia. Despite the numerous researches of DN etiopathogenesis, the mechanisms of its formation and progression have not been fully studied. This review contains updated information about metabolic disorders development in cells and interstitial renal parenchyma. Significant attention is devoted to the glomerular hypertension formation as the cause of glomerular damage and nephrons progressive loss. Understanding of these phenomena essence is the key to development effective treatment methods and prevention of DM complications. 

diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, glomerulosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy 

Glukhova A.V., Shamrova E.A., Madonov K.S., Sardaeva D.G. Pathogenetic mechanisms for the diabetic nephropathy development (literature review). Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Meditsinskie nauki = University proceedings. Volga region. Medical sciences. 2024;(2):179–193. (In Russ.). doi: 10.21685/2072-3032-2024-2-16